Mikovirus, Pengembangannya sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungus. In plant pathogenic fungi, mycoviruses infection may cause hypovirulence. Therefore, mycoviruses could be developed as biological control agents against the plant pathogenic fungi. Abroad, mycoviruses have long been studied and developed into biological control agents. So far, many mycoviruses have been and are being developed as biological control agents. One that has been successfully manipulated is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 to control blight disease on chestnut trees (Castanea dentata). In Indonesia, in brief, mycoviruses has not been sufficiently investigated. This article is aimed to introduce mycoviruses in Indonesia, as well as to inform that a study on mycoviruses has been underway in the country IntisariMikovirus adalah virus yang menginfeksi jamur. Pada jamur patogen tumbuhan, infeksi mikovirus dapat menyebabkan hipovirulen. Dengan demikian mikovirus dapat dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati terhadap jamur patogen tumbuhan. Di luar negeri mikovirus sudah sejak lama dikaji, diantaranya adalah untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Sampai sekarang sudah banyak mikovirus yang telah/sedang dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Salah satu yang sudah berhasil adalah Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 untuk mengendalikan penyakit hawar kastanye (Castanea dentata). Di tanah air, mikovirus dapat dibilang belum dikaji secara memadai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan mikovirus di tanah air, sekaligus menginformasikan rintisan kajian mikovirus yang telah dilakukan di tanah air

Hypovirulent Isolates of Fusarium Collected From Chili Crops in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Fusarium, a genus of filamentous fungi, has many species which serving as important pathogens to many diseases in crops. Till today, there have not been effective and efficient control methods for such fungi. Recently, scientists agree that application of biological agents is a tactful choice. Development of hypovirulent strains of fungus as biocontrol agents is very limited. This research was aimed to find hypovirulent isolates of Fusarium from field as biological agents. A hundred isolates of Fusarium from chili were collected in Boyolali, Central Java. Morphological characterization revealed that isolates performed varied colony phenotypes. Based on colony phenotype pattern, isolates were classified into five groups. From each group, one hypovirulent isolate was selected based on colony growth rate on potato dextrose agar media. The selected hypovirulent isolates were used for virulence assay in apple. The result showed that there were four hypovirulent isolates i.e.: B6, C15, D19, and E20 isolates. Total RNA extraction of the identified hypovirulent isolates revealed the existence of viral RNA in C15 isolate. Based on the existence of viral RNA in C15 isolate, the hypovirulent traits were due to mycoviral infection, whereas the hypovirulent traits performed by the other three were due to genetic factors

Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus as coagulant

SudaryatiningsihC, Supyani. 2009. Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus as coagulant. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 110-116. The aims of this research are to know the potency of Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae as a coagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids, and to know the time that needed by R. oligosporus and R. oryzae for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. It uses PDA for inoculating fungi, and it is done at Sub-Lab Chemistry, Central Laboratory for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The tofu making was done in “Dele Emas” Tofu Factory, Surakarta. Analysis of linoleic and linolenic acids were done by Gas Chromatography, in LPPT-UGM Yogyakarta. The conclusion of this research are R. oligosporus dan R. oryzae having a potency as a coagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. R. oryzae needs 18 hours to coagulate the tofu, and R. oligosporus needs 12 hours for the same process. The highest amount of linoleic and linolenic acids were obtained by R. oryzae at 6 hours of fermentation (0.26% and 0.14%), and 24 hours of fermentation by R. oligosporus (0.06% and 0.04%). Key words: linoleic acid, linolenic acid, tofu, coagulant, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus

Linoleic and Linolenic Acids Analysis of Soybean Tofu with Rhizopus Oryzae and Rhizopus Oligosporus as Coagulant

SudaryatiningsihC, Supyani. 2009. Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopusoligosporus as coagulant. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 110-116. The aims of this research are to know the potency of Rhizopus oligosporusand Rhizopus oryzae as a coagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids, and to know the timethat needed by R. oligosporus and R. oryzae for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. It uses PDA for inoculating fungi,and it is done at Sub-Lab Chemistry, Central Laboratory for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.The tofu making was done in “Dele Emas†Tofu Factory, Surakarta. Analysis of linoleic and linolenic acids were done by GasChromatography, in LPPT-UGM Yogyakarta. The conclusion of this research are R. oligosporus dan R. oryzae having a potency as acoagulant in tofu processing for increasing the amount of linoleic and linolenic acids. R. oryzae needs 18 hours to coagulate the tofu, andR. oligosporus needs 12 hours for the same process. The highest amount of linoleic and linolenic acids were obtained by R. oryzae at 6hours of fermentation (0.26% and 0.14%), and 24 hours of fermentation by R. oligosporus (0.06% and 0.04%)

Hubungan Karakteristik Biologis Gambut dengan Penyakit Busuk Batang yang Disebabkan Ganoderma pada Kelapa Sawit

The relationship of biological properties of peat with oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma.  Indonesia as the largest palm oil producer in the world, has the large percentage of oil palm on peatland. The serious problems of cultivating oil palm on peatland is the presence of BSR disease caused by Ganoderma. There are no effective methods to control the spread of this disease. Biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative method focus, but on peatland, the development of this method is constrained by lack of information about the effect of biological environmental factors. This study aims to determine the effect of the biological propertiess  of peat on the intensity of Ganoderma attacks on oil palm. The relationship between the intensity of Ganoderma attacks and biological properties of peat was carried out by correlation test. The correlation analysis showed that the biological properties  of peat has not correlated with the Ganoderma attacks, except Summed Dominant Ratio of vegetation which tends to positively correlate to the number of Ganoderma antagonists. These results indicate that peatland vegetation management by maintaining the diversity of vegetation around oil palm can help reduce Ganoderma attacks.

Penerapan Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja Pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung

This journal discusses the application of performance-based budgeting at the Bandung City Health Office. The budgeting process at government agencies currently uses a performance-based budgeting approach. This study aims to determine the implementation of performance-based budgeting at the Bandung City Health Office by looking at inhibiting factors in the implementation of performance-based budgeting, as well as knowing the steps that have been taken by the Bandung City Health Office in overcoming budgeting problems. The results of this study indicate the application of performance-based budgeting at the Bandung City Health Office has been carried out in a clear, relevant, economic, adequate and monitorable manner. However, the implementation is still not optimal, this is due to the lack of available budget, the existence of collaborative tasks with other agencies and the lack of information support provided by health workers. Barriers come from internally such as lack of available budget and come from externals such as changes in the economic and social environment that cause changes in prices and changes in disease patterns

Aplikasi Gelombang Mikro sebagai Pengendali Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Kedelai

One of the obstacles in providing high quality soybean (Glycine max) seed is the infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Micro wave treatment is one of the alternative methods to control the seed-borne pathogens effectively but it needs to be further developed. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage was aimed to determine the best soybean seed moisture content in maintaining seed physiological quality after exposing to micro wave. The second stage was aimed to determine the most effective duration of micro wave exposure to reduce the rate of infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens using the best moisture content resulted from the first stage. The experiment  on seed moisture indicated that 9.20% was the best seed moisture content in maintaining the physiological quality when the seed was exposed to micro wave.  Furthermore, micro wave exposure of 60 seconds was able to control Aspergillus flavus, while the exposure of  80 seconds was able to control Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., and A. niger

APLIKASI DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR BEBEK 4 TAK DENGAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING

Sistem pakar adalah program komputer yang berfungsi sebagai konsultan ahli untuk suatu bidang tertentu. Pemakai yang menggunakan program ini seolah-olah berhadapan langsung dengan pakar yang sebenarnya. Perencanaan sistem dalam membuat knowledge base memakai  Aturan if-then sebagai representasi pengetahuan. Pembuatan metode inferensi memakai metode forward chaining yang telah dimodifikasi sehingga sesuai dengan permasalahan.Implementasi program sistem pakar ini mengunakan bahasa pemograman PHP. Aplikasi ini akan menghasilkan jenis-jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada sepeda motor serta solusi penanganan dari kerusakan tersebut. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah metode wawancara, metode observasi dan metode studi pustaka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membantu menganalisa kerusakan mesin sepeda motor bagi mekanik pemula dan para siswa yang sedang prakerin, hasilnya tercipta sebuah aplikasi yang dapat mendiagnosa kerusakan mesin sepeda motor untuk membantu siswa yang sedang melaksanakan prakerin dalam mendiagnosa kerusakan mesin.Kata kunci : metode forward chaining, php, sistem paka